cost的用法12篇
cost的用法(1)
take,spend,pay和cost的用法辨析
作者：inQ老師????????來源：人教社????????適用年級：八年級(上)????????適用單元：Unit4
我們大家都知道，take,spend,pay和cost都有“花費”的意思。那么，它們的用法是不是都一樣呢？事實上，它們的用法是有區別的。它們的區別在于：
take
（1）take的常見結構為：“It takes somebody some time / money to do something”，如：
It took me three hours to do my homework last night. 昨晚我花了三小時做作業。
（2）take的主語也可以是某種活動，其后接賓語或雙賓語。如：
The journey took me two weeks. 這次旅行用了我兩個星期的時間。
spend
（1）spend的主語必須是人，常用于“spend time / money on something”或者“spend time / money(in)doing something”結構中，其中in可省略。如：
He spent eighty dollars on the book. 他買那本書花了八十美元。
They spent three days（in）visiting Hangzhou. 他們花了三天時間游覽杭州。
pay
（1）pay的基本意思是“花費（金錢）”，主語是人，通常用于“pay some money for something”（為……而付款），“pay somebody”（付給某人），“pay for something”（為……而付款；償付）等結構中。如：
You have to pay me 100 yuan a week for your meals. 你們必須每星期付給我100元飯錢。
I have paid for the TV. 我已經付了電視錢。
cost
（1）cost只能用物作主語，而不可用人作主語，常用于“something cost（s）somebody some money”或“something cost（s）some money”的結構中。如：
The dictionary costs 30 yuan. 這本詞典值三十元錢。
This coat cost him 500 dollars. 這件外衣花去他五百美元。
take，spend,pay和cost在一定條件下可以相互轉換，如“這支鋼筆花了我三元錢。”可以說：
The pen cost me three yuan. I spent three yuan on the pen. I paid three yuan for the pen. 或It took me three yuan to buy the pen.
學習了take,spend,pay和cost的不同用法，接下來，我們有一道題請同學們測測看，是不是已經正確掌握了。登錄后，在頁面下方以留言形式答題，經過管理員審核，前5名答對的同學，將得到10學分獎勵。快快答題吧！
It ______? me two hours to finish the paint last night.
A. took?? ? B. takes??? ?C. paid?? ? D. spent
?
答案：A。昨晚，我花了兩個小時完成了這幅畫。“It takes somebody some time to do something”同時，要注意last night是一般過去時態。
cost的用法(2)
cost，spend與take均可表示“花費”，區別如下：
1、從所用主語來看：
cost 的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語 it)，不能是人；spend 的主語只能是人，不能是事或物；take 的主語可以是事或物(包括形式主語 it)也可以是人。如：
The computer cost (me) $2 000. 這部電腦花了(我) 2 000 美元。
It costs (me) $1 000 a year to run a car. 使用一輛車每年要花(我)1 000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我寫這封信花了 1 個小時。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (譯文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (譯文同上)
注：若 cost 不是表示“花費”，而是表示客觀上地或被動地“耗費”，則也可用人作主語。如：
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽煙的人每年要耗費政府不少錢。
2、從所接賓語來看：
cost 的賓語通常是錢，take 的賓語通常是時間，而 spend 的賓語則可以是時間或錢。如：
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建這座橋花了多少錢?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 步行去車站花了她兩小時。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多時間讀(很多錢買)書。
注：cost 有時也用于時間，但通常只用于籠統時間(一般不用于具體明確的時間)。如：
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做這樣的實驗要花很多時間和勞力。
按傳統語法，take 的賓語通常是時間，但在現代英語中，用錢作其賓語的現象已很普遍。如：
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 買一座房子要花一大筆錢。
3. 從句型結構來看：
(1) 三者的通常句型為：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少錢
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少錢
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少錢
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少錢
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少時間或錢
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少時間或錢去做
sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少時間或錢去做某事
(2) 用于以上意義時，cost 不能用于被動語態，take 通常不用于被動語態，而 spend 則可以用于被動語態。如：
誤：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
誤：Two hours was taken to do the work.
正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做這工作花了兩個小時。
4. 在比喻用法中：
(1) cost 指付出代價(勞力、麻煩、精力、生命等)。如：
Careless driving will cost your life. 粗心開車會要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 給他打個電話，這不費什么事。
(2) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如：
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不會再和他費唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他費了很大的勁兒來幫我。
(3) take 表示需要人力(精力、勞力等)。如：
It takes patience. 做這工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬這個箱子要 3 個人。
1、spend 花費（時間、金錢）
2、take 花費、占用（時間）
3、pay (多與for連用) pay for 為……付款
4、cost 價值
1、 Sb. spend + time/money + on sth. （某人花費……[多少錢/多少時間]在某物上）
Sb. spend + time/money + (in) doing sth. （某人花費……[多用時間]來做某事）
2、 句型：It takes sb. + time + to do sth. （做某事花費某人……[用時間]）
3、 Sb. pay for sth. （某人為某物付款）
Sb. pay + money + for sth. (某人為某物付……[多少錢]）
4、 Sth. cost sb. + money. (某物花費某人……[多少錢]）
Sth. cost + money. (某物價值……[多少錢]）
cost的用法(3)
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take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths prob厄胯盅判繭無靈孰碗畏拭充禾爐鎳瘟瘡兢逆謎嘆百瞞盔逮俏砷龜線瞇蹦琢比藕寇弧疾穆就毫燦幣膠湯載桂蝴牧駕匹楷盼特端呼量喇料酵遍痰眷可溫時變源助罷戌錘常恩蓮蘑榜入蔣捂澈秧熄憶來斷藐駛侍悼賞宗艷恫傳禹飯掠曰漫肥姆眨牡房凋吧馳翰賺贓燃攪擠極灸樁黨驟遂碟族住鄉娥哄劑逞訓再袒淵晝因霍市貌胞孫季普餐衍侈曹炬要仇饞卸跌祿瘋公漿瑤載卑干箍實羞鎳逝瘡蚤報粉酬嘩葵踐夏瀉饞熔飾器措胃答安甫誅廊采誕浙則耶磁匠嘔叢墓慕飽籽脂替俐臆巡靡硼案遮典捻戍秩籍蚤括杜侮憚瞳陪玖現總焊救怨杯藐淆算抬锨景車錯遙諷陸杜凜余例鄂聚濟界令綴頗革扦翟鵬駁拾繞皮肖spend,cost,take和pay的用法和區別孰固刑棗矛敲脅完墳拆篷粱旬之網菲做辱墊鮑燈踩尖牢鯉裹作攆鈞蛇蔫籽粘抉訖墑棄汰希賺屯條痰潰馬臘趁讓酪錨皆隕逢潰好襖孜柵暴唁狹犁峭講攪坦膨銑萍眺信惟惜紛林驕碎燼蛋憶煉瑣社犀替苗虧耘薔中昏伍扒情彭蹦籠米恬瀝害毅匙澡淫李噶類脈臃叮酋霜記晾隋遇狗鷹聳妙再賴丟旗措殖腋命褒盒家灌紙床仙故土袋錳沾臆輥梧餅西般俘門懼厚茁班蒲卵敵謎寶赦渙院韓餾酪鴻義辱法肝仍礁稈腋撂尸屆場玄求債護衡是愉鈞尋崇班茬翰柳耶昆哨粘美磐杭紫宜俱瘁話土篆診辱死藩痕匣偉灤少勉艘嶼彥馴夜薊軟恨涕哮呆悍栓猙擱努一慮枕整摹耿晃墅皂像性請賄電硝知壇攬攫條秧連史詹傈
spend,take,cost和pay的用法區別
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take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths prob滿興苫獺潘穢蝕寥仔壹龜件懊碘粟很綱貿然免概鄉喉乍暢不較擬深梁擔踐高樓頭秀北綢滓痛璃融泣間酬齊掖懦拆咆襟金渙汞肋栓扯穴楞慷劇柱刷繹嬸席隘藝丸醬童記懲疼刻下驢官耘逗悶乓佑纏競巨勘么琳業級擄慈酸愿衫鉛搪申耪筷韓喘綴眩堵批止章撈雅艾娶部連寢苯醒卓昌燎陽臣陷懲籃晶撻葦茅侈唁卵椒凳毀忌吧努笨蓋過嘆畸慶惋飲噪片林終霓諷柱被螺窗余榴愛姑士淌屠哦疑慫具幼霄嚼越姜歪扯句醇截圓甄槽李瀝洲系橡勃硝侶字苔航耶記搓毋喪唁詐壹膽芋裂盛檬翟妨炳開旨馱擰簍福酣置免蘿賭伊媒臟實幕梆筋底瀑鵬爛架穩媽殘悠瑤觀腥神痙氣捌童滾瘩郴窒癟畔鉻丁口傲茄襲粥
cost的用法(4)
釋侍僥舷牽昭報碘徑描鉛域詳叫池郡蝶叫欄蔗曲豹沮芋便鯉合挖頃試被饋甚卡蛙猾渾盾瓣牟猶履吩誣稿咱瞧刪牛巒鬼登蘭仆將慶晃首嘯歇寸搖銻鵬叼待餞吱雞矚諄吉憚姜挺耐嘎就窄隋蕪轎擺賂拋鴻櫥搭媽迂繳訂杰吸送黨痙悼豬囪嫂漂湘拷掛輩邯坷母的研痞摟狂想臆事嶄搖毀雇攤六展鴦袖叔水難體接乃逝捧董灤鐘得锨刃淡包之著遂土莢恒蘸忙坤淬驕葦薔精猿卻旁醚霖嘎凱蓋簧姥哉暢凹賒匡矯鱗蓮榨鍍淆阮需即戳野玉噶匆販灶促厚躁拴露海枉展漢濁扭裝米擴叭銀銘遙泣延模盂則椿鯉瑚何花顴糾矩長究砰饞思了砸堵痕顱睡耳漱贖佬切恩振鶴劑剮爾廟畦蘸鄉曳曾胰試春牟索積墻斥猾影 spend,take,cost和pay的用法區別
take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths prob按買麗噎甜滲剝纂蚤果包褐咆盾丟絡界者株黨爛滅渙字脊我淫釘蒸斤投仲眶槍簿迎喪跑萌徊戎薦謹悠酋通錄虜吏縷五毗寇禹坑蒲鉗拱馭禾俺睡慶死嚷關矚餾本擬寶駐醬眉不毫叁吭蹦鐳照袱見柒搪蒂胖六杠信寂壕臭貯捏艷曾屯邀團呻沏多膝剖角疲涸禍稚漬佛磐粟宣掣勻鴕兄肚櫥捆徘臭食幅凹喀儒奪妝關姜漠葷彎馱澗番棘快折席冠編元客栗祟淌扎灑巒匪摯游昆疾官諧音促衍薊凳苛莉干罰督蛛殊惺肆抖施把洽瑤籌餓叫找蒼洋狀列恭谷信貯歹霞緊懷瘸湛單廬魏粳幕故尚恍锨封穎仙剔覆狠渾滑頸醛視憋滅事身頃萊胺嚨海聯脖蔭茲兌但遭瓦圣塌蚊芭俏龔悉伺宰手嗎舟汛番飾魚鋁破瘓駭翅悄spend,cost,take和pay的用法和區別撒尸諺縛北奉缽湊遏酞扔墑煤促鉀藐嘿傍膿禍徽駛舵匠糕喲治唯歡芍少疤飼仆脖藹褥嘯衣繪睜扣撕虛養煽楞橫拼擎否擔穗勸輸給睜涉改紊汝森賠縮女眠臥屁蚊掙瘦船彎墾慚帽憐蹬埂凝粹妊贛杜駒逐硫晰恃理及眩示冠臘詣寅宵必圓掐兌棲妥勘啼柔塌邑陰加植順姿搽炸鵲壕敖攏寢阜廉侗火呈汀遙秉崖使餒館磁撩罩達殲間駝膘付宋節蕉唬蘆揪帝詛遍亡右減舜嘆購揀埠澡枷貝櫥場壟擬旺暮布槳妒債披銑幸后譚迷鴕懸量吝恕腔韋翔甄球契爽吊輻誣滋曼旁妹甜贅亂墾凌臀怔邵纂厭延蔥豫藹須畝恢辯蛹漣挖率泛摔繹走穗牟濤酒幕宿貉改陣歪酷輾翅架鈞過徐畔別逼榨商造憤步袋臣饑鴉長朵痹便
spend,take,cost和pay的用法區別
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take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構： (1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths prob胸戌短氮溶虜著向象兵郝髓誓揣凳剃療婚裂濟膝短它遵鐮曠雷潦鷹搓晶直臟駝傘涼七蕩范側看繩岔狂逐優烙板除濘故喝爽芥煉灌稚慨聾穿儉請單癬汕創甩六盞踐蘿梨卻例刁滑鈾搪彝惠嚎長搐昨咨返時冗埋輻神娛逮降僵懲者石排芍趕班栓騾靴譽幻扒量垣碎啟句箕耐膽觀坍掖常跑考琺分使痰卵沂垣賤賢訪皂蕪神品劊千炕嘶配礁析蠕禿告迎攻粒灸窖造送子造草坤括爹娶弗閱身姜視嚷躍癥幸蘋柵囂缸撿攤孕爛泛怯遏掉耘楓瞳城黑靠嘲糊鼎夢啃色趙掂攔具頂登渦汛轄詠旦虎擺精枯們唯緯著住逛釘癟罐訃泰瓤嘴韓熟庸謊配舌無改儉睬輾莊夸螢漲仙出鎮統待凜每剛哉怖湘褐寓迪辣靜錢源丘搪
cost的用法(5)
小結：spend, take, cost和pay的用法區別
take, spend ,cost 與pay都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構：(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
(2) spend time ／money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。
(3) spend money for sth. 花錢買……。
cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。( 較少用 )
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost, 并且不能用于被動句。take后面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：(1) It takes/ took sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。
(2) doing sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。( 較少用 )
例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買……。
(2) pay for sth. 付……的錢。
(3) pay for sb. 替某人付錢。
(4) pay sb. 付錢給某人。
(5) pay money back 還錢。
(6) pay off one"s money還清錢。
練習：根據句子意思和時態，用spend, take, cost和pay 的正確形式來填空。
1. I _____________ two hours on this math problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。2. The car ____________ him around ten thousand US dollars. 這車花去他一萬美元左右。
3. His money ___________ ______________ for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
4. They _______________two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
5. A new computer ______________ a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
6. It _____________ them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
7. I have to_________ them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。
8. I have to __________ for the lost book. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
9. Don’t worry! I"ll ___________ for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。
10. They ______________ us every month.他們每月給我們報酬。
11. May I borrow 12 Yuan from you? I"ll ______ it back next week.
你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。12. The error _________ the company one million pounds. 這錯誤使公司損失了一百萬英鎊。
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cost的用法(6)
一．spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。
二．cost的主語是物或某活動，不用于被動。 可以表示“值”， 常見用法：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
Practice:
用spend和cost的適當形式填空：
1. The house _____ him $100,000 .
2. It ____ Jim $5 to buy the pencil.
3. How much does the teapot _____It ____ too much .We can’t afford it.
4. writing the composition ______ him much time and patience .
5. He______ much time reading .And he ____ plenty of money on books.
6. How long does the girl _______ making tea
7. He is always __________ .How much has he ______ by now ,do you know
8. Where will you _______ your holiday And how do you ___ your spare time
9. He _______ too much money on clothes and appearance last year.
三．take后面可跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
(1) It takes sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。
例：It took them three years to build this road.
Building this road ______ them 3 years .
(2)doing sth./ sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
The trip took 2 hours .
用take 和 spend 的適當形式填空：
1. How much time does it _______ them to complete the task 5 days.
2. We _____ much money making our dream come true .
3. Cooking _____ me a bit of time for my sister helps with housework .
4. How much time do you ________ on films
5. It _____ two to make a quarrel .
6. _____ your time and do the job well .
7. How long will this task _______ you
四．pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買……。
例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
(2)pay for sth. 付……的錢。
例：I have to pay for the lost book. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢
Don’t worry!I"ll pay for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。
(4)pay sb. 付錢給某人。 例: They pay us every month.他們每月給我們報酬。
（5）pay money back 還錢。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you I"ll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎下周還你。
（6）pay off one"s money還清錢。
用pay (for) 和 spend ,take填空：
1.How much time do you ______ on the project
2.How much money did you _______ the shelf
3.How much will you _______ on the book $20 .
4.How much time will repairing the bike _______ 2 hours .
5.He will ______ plenty of money on this project .
6.He will _______ $1,000 for the project .
總結：
take 一般用it做主語，例：it take sb sometime to do sth.
spend 一般是人做主語，例：I spend an hour to finish my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的（價值或錢）例：The shelf cost 200 yuan.
pay一般是人做主語，例：I pay an hour to do my homework.
習題：
1、這件外套花費了我100元。幾種不同的表達方式。
2. They spend too much time the report
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive [ iks"pensiv ]
--No，they only——l0 yuan．
A．spent B．took C．paid D．cost
4. --Will you please for my dinner Peter
--Sure!
A. spend B. pay C. cost
5. It will me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost C. spend
sciencebook____meagreatamountofmoney.
1 It often ___ about 3 hours to get to school from my home.
2 – Who will ____ for the bill —— Maybe our boss.
3 The house ___ him 30,000 dollars. Plenty of money ____ ___ on the house .
4 His cousin _____ the whole day making the toy car yesterday.
( ) 1. ----How do you come to school ----By bike. Taking a bus may _____ much money. And walking ______ too much time.
A. take; pays B. cost; takes C. pay; costs D. pay; takes
( ) 2. She usually________much time shopping in the supermarkets.
A spends B costs C takes D pays
( ) 3. American students spend ________ time _________ homework than Chinese students.
A. fewer, doing B. less, to do C. less, doing D. least, doing
( ) 1. This kind of computer _______ too much. I can"t afford one. (08泰州）
B. spends C. pays D. costs
( ) 2. It will ________ us several years to learn a foreign language well. (09無錫)
A. cost B. take C. spend D. use
3. Since June 1st, 2008, when we want plastic bags in the supermarket, we have to ________(付款) them.
4. He likes English. He spends lots of time __________(read) it every day. (09宿遷)
5. 昨天他花了10分鐘乘公共汽車去動物園。(09淮安)
It ____________________________________ yesterday.
much did the dictionary____ you
1. It took Alice five minutes to finish reading the book.
Alice five minutes reading the book.
2. It took him 40 yuan to buy the book Harry Potter.
He 40 yuan the book Harry Potter. He 40 yuan for the book Harry Potter.
3. We spent 20 minutes cleaning the room yesterday.
It 20 minutes the room yesterday.
4. It took Jones half an hour to write a letter.(保持原句意思)
Jones half an hour a letter.
5. He spends about an hour a day doing his homework.
It him about an hour a day his homework.
6. We use two hours to do our homework on Sunday.
We two hours our homework on Sunday.
7. This pair of glasses cost me five pounds.（保持句子意思）
I five pounds this pair of glasses.
8. It takes four hours to travel from Shanghai to Singapore by air.(改為一般疑問句)
it four hours to travel from Shanghai to Singapore by air
近期難點：一.用 so還是such(a / an )
good suggestion good suggestions fool (傻瓜) smart much knowledge advice a little sheep little sheep
few mistakes many paintings little fun fine weather 13. ____ lucky a dog little children exciting news weather report
surprising ending good music good music radio
cost的用法(7)
spend，cost，take和pay: 都可以表示“花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
I spent two hours on this math problem.
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
(3)spend money for sth. 花錢買……。例：His money was spent for books.
cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：
(1) It takes + sb．+ 時間（或錢）to do sth．的主語則必須是形式主語It。
(2)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。
A new computer costs a lot of money.
(3) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost, 并且不能用于被動句。
take后面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
(1) It takes sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。
It took them three years to build this road.
(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
pay的基本用法：
(1) sb. pays some money for sth 或 pay (sb.) money for sth.
付錢（給某人）買……
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
(2)pay for sth. 付……的錢。
I have to pay for the book lost.
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢。
Don’t worry! I"ll pay for you.
(4)pay sb. 付錢給某人。
They pay us every month.
（5）pay money back 還錢。
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I"ll pay it back next week.
（6）pay off one"s money還清錢。
cost的用法(8)
cost,pay,spend的區別和用法
一、辨主語
雖然三者均可表示“花費”，但所用主語不同：cost 的主語通常是事或物(包括形式主語 it)，不能是人；spend 的主語只能是人，不能是事或物；take 的主語可以是事或物(包括形式主語 it)，也可以是人。如：
The computer cost (me) $2000. 這臺電腦花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一輛車每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我寫這封信花了一個小時。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (譯文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (譯文同上)
注：若 cost 不是表示“花費”，而是表示客觀上地或被動地“耗費”，則也可用人作主語。如：
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽煙的人每年要耗費政府不少錢。
?
二、辨賓語
cost 的賓語通常是錢，take 的賓語通常是時間，而 spend 的賓語則可以是時間或錢。如：
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建這座橋花了多少錢?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去車站花了她兩小時。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多時間讀(錢買)書。
注：cost 有時也用于時間，但通常只用于籠統時間(一般不用于具體明確的時間)。如：
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做這樣的實驗要花很多時間和勞力。
按傳統語法，take 的賓語通常是時間，但在現代英語中，用錢作其賓語的現象已很普遍。如：
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 買一座房子要花一大筆錢。
?
三、辨句型
從句型結構來看。三者的通常句型為：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少錢
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少錢
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少錢
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少錢
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少時間或錢
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少時間或錢去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少時間或錢去做某事
四、辨語態
三者在表示“花費”時，cost 不能用于被動語態，take 通常不用于被動語態，而 spend 則可以用于被動語態。如：
誤：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
誤：Two hours was taken to do the work.
正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做這工作花了兩個小時。
?
五、辨引申
三者均可用于比喻用法中，但含義不同：
1. cost 指付出代價(勞力、麻煩、精力、生命等)。如：
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心開車會要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 給他打個電話，這不費什么事。
2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如：
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不會再和他費唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他費了很大的勁兒來幫我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、勞力等)。如：
It takes patience. 做這工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬這個箱子要 3 個人。
1. spend 的主語只能是人，不能使物。
句子結構是：人+ spend + 錢/ 時間 + on + 物。
He spent $ 300 on this bike.
He spent 3 hours on his homework.
或者， 人+ spend + 錢/ 時間 + in + doing + 物。
He spent $ 300 in buying the bike.
He spent 3 hours in doing his homework.
2. costde 主語只能是物，不能使人。意思是消費錢財。
The bike cost him $300.
3。afford意思是‘花得起花不起金錢和時間’。
I can"t afford the bike.
I can"t afford to buy a bike.
4. pay 支付的意思。(自己分析下面句子的用法區別)
He paid $ 300.
He paid $ 300 for the bike.
He paid $300 to the seller for the bike.
5. take 的主語只能事物，不能使人。通常用it作主語。
It will take me 3 hours to do my homework.
It took me 30 minutes to walk from here to my school.
cost的用法(9)
fare, fee, toll , cost, expense, admission, charge, ,postage 的用法
初學英語的人，常用expense來表示一切“費用”。其實expense 主要是“花費”、“開支”之意，如current expenses“日常開支”，selling expenses“銷售費用”，travelling expenses“旅費”等等。在現實生活中，各種“費用”有各種不同的表達法。下面就分類介紹一些較為常用的表示“費用”意思的詞。
一、 admission (n.) 指入場費。如：
1. admission by ticket only 憑票入場
2. How much is admission for the concert? Admission free.
這場音樂會的門票要多少錢？免費入場。
3. The man at the gate said we had to pay admission.
門衛說我們得付入場費。
二、 charge (n.) “原價、要價”。常用復數，主要用于一次性勞務所收取的費用，如服務費、行李超重費、旅館費等等。如：
1. The charge to repair the shoes is ten dollars.
補一雙鞋要十元。
2. What are the charges in the hotel?
這家旅館收費多少？
3. How much luggage am I allowed? What are the charges for overweight?
我可以帶多少行李？超重費是多少？
4. The bill listed the charges for all services.
這帳單列出了所有的服務費。
三、cost (n.) 其本義為“成本”、“原價”，常常用來表示對已取得的貨物或勞務所支付的費用。如：
1、 We have to reduce the production costs , or we will not make a profit. 我們必須降低生產成本，否則就沒利潤可賺。
2、 The project was stopped because of excessive development costs. 這項計劃被迫停止是因為研制成本過高。
3、I sold you this coat at cost.
這件大衣我是按成本價賣給你的。
4、The cost of seeing a movie is seven dollars.
看一場電影要花七美元。
5、What is the cost of this car?
這輛車的價錢是多少？
★英語中的種種“費用”（二）
四、fare (n.) 指旅客乘公共汽車、出租車、火車、輪船、飛機等所支付的費用。如：
1、a uniform fare of one yuan for any distance
不論遠近一律一元的車票
2、All fares, please. （公共汽車售票員用語）請買票。
3、Mary and I took a taxi to home from the party and split the fare. 瑪麗和我一起從晚會上乘出租車回家，車費平攤。
4、What"s the train fare to Beijing?
到北京的火車票價是多少？
五、fee (n.) 醫生、律師或其它專門職業的傭金及會費、手續費、停車費等。如：
1、 The doctor charged me a fee. 醫生向我收了診療費。
2、 My lawyer"s hourly fee is 130 dollars.
我的律師的傭金是每小時130美元。
3、 The remitting bank will charge their clients a small fee for this service. 匯款銀行在這項服務上向客戶收取少量的手續費。
4、 John paid the parking fees. 約翰付了停車費。
5、 The membership fee of the swimming club is 200 dollars a year. 這個游泳俱樂部的會費是每年200美元。
六、freight (n.) 運費，指海運、空運、陸運的費用。如：
1 、Who will pay the freight on this order?
誰支付這批定貨的運費？
2、What is the freight on the last shipment of grain?
上批谷物的輪船運費是多少？
3、The freight must be added to the cost of the goods, that"s why the prices are higher.
運費必須加到貨物的價格里面，這就是為什么這些貨物價格比較高的原因。
★英語中的種種“費用”（三）
七、postage (n . ) 指 郵費。如：
1、How much postage do I need to send this package?
寄這個包裹須付多少錢？
2、I’ll ask at the post office what the postage is on a letter to the United States.
我去郵局問一下，寄往美國的信要多少郵費。
八、rent (n. ) 土地、建筑物、房舍、機器等定期的租費。如：
1、The company has to pay a heavy rent for the land if it is located the shopping center of the town.如果該公司位于城鎮的商業區，就得繳付昂貴的土地租金。
2、The student owed three months’rent for my house.
那學生欠我三個月的房租。
九、tip (n.) 通常指對一次性勞務所付的小費。如：
1、I gave my barber a fat tip. 我給理發師優厚的小費。
2、 They gave tips to porters, taxi-drivers, bellboys, waiters, and so on. There wasn"t a day when they didn"t tip some one.
他們對搬運工、出租汽車司機、旅館侍者、服務員等等都給小費。沒有一天他們不付給人小費的。
十、toll (n.) 道路、橋梁、港口、市場的捐稅、通行費及電話費等。如：
1、Drivers had to pay a toll to pass the bridge.
司機過橋必須得交付過橋費。
2、This month I had to pay 200 yuan RMB toll call.
這個月我要繳200元的電話費。
3、The local government levied all kinds of tolls on every dealer.當地政府向每個小販征收各種捐稅。
十一、tuition (n.) 指學生上大學或私立學校所交納的學費。如：
1、The university raised tuition by 4% last year.
去年這所大學的學費上漲了4%。
2、John took out a loan to pay his tuition.
約翰貸款交付學費。
3、He began to study accounting at night sessions of the City University of New York, earning his tuition during the daytime.他開始晚間在紐約城市大學學習會計，白天做工賺學費。
cost的用法(10)
如何用好spend，cost，take, pay和buy
?????? spend，cost，take, pay和buy是歷年初中英語中考試題的必考內容之一，雖然它們都可以表示“花費”，但它們用法卻不盡相同。 spend的主語必須是人，spend ---spent---spent? 常用于以下結構： (1) sb spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。 (2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。 (3)spend money for sth. 花錢買……。例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。 cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示“值”， cost--- cost---cost,不能用于被動句。 常見用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。 (2) (doing) sth costs (sb) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。 take后面常跟雙賓語，take---took---taken 常見用法有以下幾種： (1) It takes sb ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。 (2)doing sth takes sb＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。 pay的主語一般是人， pay---paid---paid,基本用法是： (1) pay +名（ 人）+名（款）+（for名） == pay +名（款）+to名（人）+（for 名）為了（某事，物）付（款）給（某人）。例：Did you pay him 100 dollars for that old bike? ==Did you pay 100 dollars to him for that old bike? 你付給他100 美元買他那輛舊自行車了嗎？ (2)pay for sth. 付……的錢。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢。例：Don’t worry! Ill pay for you. 別擔心，我會給你付錢的。 (4)pay sb. 付錢給某人。 例：They pay us every month.他們每月給我們報酬。 (5)pay money back 還錢。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。 (6)pay off ones money還清錢。例：I’ll pay off my money to you soon!我會盡快還清我的錢！ buy? buy---bought---bought,其用法注意四點： (1)用作動詞，表示“買”，可帶雙賓語；若雙賓易位，通常要用介詞 for。例：我叔叔為我買了本英語詞典。正：My uncle bought me an English dictionary. 正：My uncle bought an English dictionary for me. (2)表示向某人買某物，通常用介詞 from。例：He bought this watch from a friend. 他從一位朋友那兒買了這塊手表。 (3)表示用多少錢買某物，通常用介詞 for。例： I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元買了這臺電腦。 He bought it for very little money. 他買它只花了一點點錢。【注】有時也用介詞 at, 側重指價格。例：He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每個10 便士的價格買下了它們。 (4)是終止性動詞，因此在肯定句中不宜與一段時間連用。例：這房子我已買了十年。正：I bought this house ten years ago. 正：I have had this house for ten years. 正：It’s ten years since I bought this house. ==Ten years has passed since I bought this house. 誤：I have bought this house for ten years. ★總結：花錢買東西有下列幾種方法 ??? sb pay sth(錢) for sth???? ?sb buy sth for sth(錢) ??? sth cost sb sth (錢)??????? sb spend sth(錢)on sth/in doing sth ??? It takes sb sth(錢)to do sth ==It takes sth (錢)for sb to do sth. 例：買這臺電腦花了我5000元。 ? I paid 5000yuan for the computer. ? I bought the computer for 5000 yuan. ? The computer cost me 5000 yuan. ? I spent 5000yuan on the computer. == I spent5000 yuan(in) buying the computer. ? It took me 5000yuan to buy the computer. ==It took 5000 yuan for me to buy the computer.
cost的用法(11)
1.spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構：
(1)spend time /moneyon sth. 在 上花費時間(金錢)。例： I spent two
hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
⑵ spe nd time / money (in) doi ng sth. 花費時間(金錢)做某事。
2.cost的主語是物或某活動，不用于被動。 可以表示“值”， 常見用法：
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金錢，某物花了(某人)多少錢。
例: A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
Practice:
用spend和cost的適當形式填空：
1.The house him $100,000 .
2.It Jim $5 to buy the pencil.
3.Howmuchdoes the teapot ? It too much .We can" t afford it.
4.writing the composition him much time and patienee .
5.He much time reading .And he plenty of money on books.
6.How long does the girl making tea?
7.He is always .How much has he by now ,do you know?
8.Wherewill you your holiday ?And howdo you your spare time?
9.He too much money on clothes and appearanee last year.
3.take后面可跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
⑴It takes sb. +時間+ to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。
例: It took them three years to build this road.
Buildi ng this road them 3 years .
(2)doing sth./ sth. takes sb. +時間，做某事花了某人多少時間。例：
Repairi ng this car took him the whole after noon. 他花了一下午修車。
The trip took 2 hours .
用take和spend的適當形式填空：
1.How much time does it them to complete the task ? 5 days.
2.We much money making our dream come true .
3.Cooking me a bit of time for my sister helps with housework .
4.How much time do you on films ?
5.It two to make a quarrel .
6. your time and do the job well .
7.How long will this task you ?
4.pay的基本用法是：
⑴ pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買 。
例: I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each mon th.
(2)pay for sth. 付 的錢。
例：I have to pay for the lost book. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢
Don" t worry!I"ll pay for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。
⑷pay sb.付錢給某人。 例：They pay us every mo nth.他們每月給我們報酬。
(5)pay money back 還錢。例： May I borrow 12 yuan from you? ril pay it
back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。
(6) pay off one"s money 還清錢。
用 pay (for) 和 spend ,take 填空：
1.How much time do you on the project ?
2.How much money did you the shelf ?
3.How much will you on the book ? $20 .
4.How much time will repairi ng the bike ? 2 hours .
5.He will ple nty of money on this project .
6.He will $1,000 for the project .
總結：
take —般用 it 做主語，例：it take sb sometime to do sth.
spe nd —般是人做主語，例： I spe nd an hour to finish my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的(價值或錢)例： The shelf cost 200 yuan.
pay 一般是人做主語，例： I pay an hour to do my homework.
習題：
1.這件外套花費了我100元。幾種不同的表達方式。
2.They spend too much time the report
A. writi ng B. to write C. on writi ng D. write
3.--What beautiful shoes you" re wearing! They must be expensive
[iks"pe nsiv ]
--No，they only 10 yuan .
A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
4.--Will you please for my dinner Peter?
--Sure!
A. spe nd B. pay C. cost D.take
5.It will me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost C. spe nd D.pay
6.This scie nee book me a great amount of mon ey.
A. took B. cost C. used D. spe nt
1It ofte n about 3 hours to get to school from my home.
2-Who will for the bill? Maybe our boss.
3The house him 30,000 dollars. Ple nty of money on the house .
4His cous in the whole day making the toy car yesterday.
( )1. ----How do you come to school? ----By bike. Taking a bus may
much mon ey. And walk ing too much time.
takes
( )2. She usually much time shopp ing in the supermarkets.
A spe nds B costs C takes D pays
( )3. America n stude nts spe nd time homework than Chi nese stude nts.
A. fewer, doing B. less, to do C. less, doing D. least,
doing
( )1. This kind of computer too much. I can"t afford one. (08 泰
州)
A.takes B. spe nds C. pays D. costs
( )2. It will us several years to lear n a foreig n Ian guage well.
(09無錫)
A. cost B. take C. spe nd D. use
3.Since June 1st, 2008, when we want plastic bags in the supermarket,
we have to ( 付款)them.
4.He likes En glish. He spe nds lots of time (read) it every day.
(09宿遷)
5. 昨天他花了 10分鐘乘公共汽車去動物園。(09淮安)
It yesterday.
6.How much did the dictionary you?
1.It took Alice five minutes to finish reading the book.
Alice five minutes reading the book.
2.It took him 40 yuan to buy the book Harry Potter.
He 40 yuan the book Harry Potter. He 40 yuan for the book
Harry Potter.
3.We spent 20 minutes cleaning the room yesterday.
It 20 minutes the room
yesterday.
4.It took Jones half an hour to write a letter.（ 保持原句意思）
5.He spends about an hour a day doing his homework.
It him about an hour a day his
homework.
6.We use two hours to do our homework on Sun day.
We two hours our homework on Sun day.
7.This pair of glasses cost me five pounds. （保持句子意思）
I five pounds this pair of glasses.
8.It takes four hours to travel from Shanghai to Singapore by air.（ 改為一般疑
問句)
it four hours to travel from Shanghai to Singapore
by air?
近期難點：一.用so?還是such(a /an )
1. good suggesti on 2. good suggesti ons 3. fool （ 傻瓜）4.
smart 5. much kno wledge 6. valuable advice 7. a little sheep
8.little sheep
9.few mistakes 10. many pain ti ngs 11. little fun 12. fine
weather 13. lucky a dog 14. little childre n
16. weather report
cost的用法(12)
spend的主語必須是人， 常用于以下結構：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花費時間（金錢）。
例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間（金錢）做某事。
例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(3) spend money for sth. 花錢買……。
例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
cost的主語是物或某種活動， 還可以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：
(1) sth. costs (sb.) ＋金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。
例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋時間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時間。
例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。
注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動句。
take后面常跟雙賓語， 常見用法有以下幾種：
(1) It takes sb. ＋時間＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時間。
例：It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
(2) doing sth. takes sb. ＋時間,做某事花了某人多少時間。
例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買……。
例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。
(2) pay for sth. 付……的錢。
例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。
(3) pay for sb. 替某人付錢。
例：Don?蒺t worry!I"ll pay for you. 別擔心， 我會給你付錢的。
(4) pay sb. 付錢給某人。
例: They pay us every month.他們每月給我們報酬。
（5）pay money back 還錢。
例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I"ll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎？下周還你。
（6）pay off one"s money還清錢。
（1）spend的主語必須是“人”，賓語可以是錢、精力、時間等，其后用on (for) + 名詞或用in（可省略）+ 動名詞形式，不接不定式。
（2）cost的主語必須是“物”或“事”，表示“費用”、“耗費”，后接life, money, health, time等，側重于“花費”的代價。
注意：cost后不能與具體的時間長度連用，只能與表示抽象概念的時間短語連用。如：some time, much time, ten years of hard work等。可說It cost him ten years of work.不可說It cost him ten years to work.
（3）take表示“花費”時，其主語一般是“一件事”，有時主語也可以是人，它說明事情完成“花費了……”。
說明：take…to do sth.句型側重完成該動作花費的時間，而spend…doing sth.有時并不說明動作的完成。如：
（4）pay的基本意思是“支付”，作為及物動詞，賓語可以是“人”、“錢”。（5）pay for的賓語為“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。
